Long Term Customer Loyalty And Relationships - 775 Words

Long-Term Customer Loyalty and Relationships Educated and resourceful, today’s consumers are adept in validating assertions and quick to find alternatives if products do not measure up or add value (Kotler Keller, 2016). Consequently, firms must understand and use marketing relationship to develop a brand with products or services that meets customer needs and builds a connection to generate customer loyalty. In this regard, the customer oriented or customer-on-top business model is an effective method to meet and satisfy consumer demands to build, improve, and advance long-term customer loyalty. The customer-on-top model listens and responds to consumer needs by creating a connection and relationship between firms and consumers (Kotler Keller, 2016). Additionally, retention marketing rewards consumer behavior in a greater effort to retain long-term customers through offers of discounts and awards. Concept A common goal of some firms is to attract and keep consumers to achieve long-term sustainability and growth. To do this, marketing is the tool to convince consumers that a product or service meets their needs. Relationship marketing creates a connection with consumers and a firm through products or services to generate a better experience for both parties (Abubakar, Mokhtar, Abdullateef, 2013). One attribute in achieving relationship marketing and long-term customer loyalty is delivering satisfaction where pleased customers have favorable perceptions ofShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of Tesco And The Uk Supermarket Industry1143 Words   |  5 PagesKapferer (2004) stated that the majority of brand loyalty schemes in the UK supermarket industry are competitive in nature. This segment is highly competitive, as it is based upon capturing market share in the best possible manner to enhance the brand appeal and acceptance in the long run. Tesco is one of the largest supermarket chains in the UK, with a huge brand presence. It has introduced loyalty schemes that have been successful in attracting customers, along with enhancing the brand’s appeal andRead MoreWhy Customer Loyalty Should Influence Marketing Strategy1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of Customer Loyalty can be seen in the work of Deming in his TQM model but the modern more detailed definition was derived from the work of Storbacka, Strandvik, and Gronroos (1994) in the area of service quality models. Relationship marketing places great emphasis on customer lifetime value. The conventional wisdom suggest that loyal customers are the most profitable but recent work by Heiner Evanschitsky and John Glanfield, both now at Aston Business School suggests that this may notRead MoreRelationship Between Customer Loyalty And Marketing Strategy1662 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Mix The relationship between Customer Loyalty and Marketing Strategy? 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Customer loyalty, Oliver (1999) defined like acommitment to re-buy or re-patronize de cisionRead MoreBrand Relationship Between Brands And Consumers1424 Words   |  6 Pages(2009, p.315) Brand relationship is defined as the continual exchanges between a specified brand and an established customer, where relationship characteristics of love, association, interdependence and loyalty are developed with the brand. However, Keller (2014, p.365) revealed that consumer-brand relationships are the quality of relationship between brands and consumers. As a result, there are many influences that formulate consumer brand relationship. Basically, brand loyalty , brand equity andRead MoreQantas s Marketing Strategy And Business Success1093 Words   |  5 PagesInnovation and creativity within the context of a firm’s customer’s provide the basis for establishing and developing strong customer relationships, as well as continual business growth and success. 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As the concept of customer relationship management has a significant change, there are a variety of CRM definitionsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Practice1497 Words   |  6 Pages To find the most profitable customers in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) practice is an ongoing process where many companies fail to deliver the answer. This paper outlines various definitions of CRM, strategies, processes and the use of technology along with the various paradoxes that accompany Customer Relationship Management. Defining CRM is not straight-forward as there are numerous definitions, taking three recent definitions the basic framework of CRM is, an overall process of buildingRead MoreCabo San Viejo - Possible Solution817 Words   |  4 PagesCabo san viejo – rewarding loyalty? Cabo san viejo is currently facing a problem of increasing competition and customer retention. To solve this, there is a dilemma of adopting a loyalty program or not. However our mission is only to meet competition and increase sales and not to resort to loyalty programs. We considered the following factors before deciding against choosing a loyalty rewarding program. facts ï‚ © In a survey, of 2500 Americans nearly 50% of the loyalty program members said thatRead MoreHow Companies Used Marketing Strategy 30 Years Ago1490 Words   |  6 Pagesengage customers and remain profitable. The way how companies used marketing strategy 30 years ago is not the same as for today. Companies must find ways to have a competitive advantage and still make a profit. This paper will discuss some of the ingredients that are needed to have a successful company. According to Kim (2012) some essential elements to having a long term relationship with consumers is having trust and satisfaction. A company will not be able to sell to you if the customers do not

I Am Sam s Mental Retardation - 999 Words

I am Sam was quite possibly one of the best movies I have ever seen in my life. I was personally very moved by the entire story. I learned a lot about how these kinds of cases usually pan out for those that are mentally disabled. I had not ever thought of a story like this, but now that I was opened to these kinds of issues in the lives of people with mental disabilities, I am glad that I watched this movie and gain some insight. Sam faced several psychological issues in this story. Out of all the psychological issues this movie portrays Sam to have, his mental retardation is the one that is the main focus of the story. This movie goes to show that his intelligence is that of a seven-year-old. This escalades the story because as his daughter begins school, her intelligence grows larger than her fathers, which is the center of the problem throughout this story. In the beginning, the movies goes to show that Sam has a case of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Throughout the movie, they continue to show his case by first organizing the artificial sugars at Starbucks to finally, near the end, organizing alcohol pads from Pizza Hut. Along with OCD, we find out from the help of the lawyer fighting against him in court, that Sam also has autistic tendencies. Also, in several parts throughout the movie, Sam shows behavior such as going to a certain restaurant the same time every week, and having to eat a certain t hing at a certain place, or else he becomes very upset. Along withShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Sam Dawson from the Film, I Am Sam1669 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Case Study of Sam Dawson Authors name Authors institutional affiliation Authors note Case Study of Sam Dawson Part 1 I. Character Background The name of the film selected for this case study is I am Sam. (2002) The protagonist of the film is Sam Dawson, who is played by the actor Sean Penn. Sam Dawson is a developmentally or intellectually challenged adult male, who has a young daughter, primary school aged, named Lucy. Sam and Lucy live together without her mother, who is a homeless personRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesstudy smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student supportRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesPrentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. ii Permission to reprint these has been obtained by Pearson Custom Publishing for this edition only. Further reproduction by any

Analyses And Evaluation Of Various Codes Of Ethics In Business

Question: Discuss about the Analyses And Evaluation Of Various Codes Of Ethics In Business Environment. Answer: Introduction The report here discusses about the business ethics in global environment. The report here defines ethics as the morality basis on which moral judgments, standards and rules of conduct not only addressed but also identified for a business. The report also discusses about the background with an elaboration on the need of the implementation of business ethics. Then is report also explains why at all ethics was needed in business. There is also analyses and evaluation various codes of ethics in business environment and the relation business holds with the stakeholders. There are also a personal reflections and implications for business practice in the report. Background The evolution of business ethics has been a result of myriad changes occurring in business over time. The common way of determining the actual meaning of an upstanding citizen, an active participant, a decent individual and an excellent tool for some with good leadership skills is through Ethics (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Therefore, ethics defined as the morality basis on which standards, moral judgments and rules of conduct not only addressed but also identified. In this regard, business ethics defined as ideals, standards and values responsible for guiding behavior in a business climate. Thus, in this context, most organizations define principles that are specific for outlining the pervasive boundaries of behavior that are absolute and all encompassing. Thus, in business, norms remain based on principles that gets social acceptance and based on accountability, trust and honor. The issues faced by workers in the 1920s helped in drawing attention not only towards the harsh working conditions but also to the child labor laws (Mnookin Weisberg, 2014). This was a period when capitalism was a concept that played a pivotal role in the evolvement of the business ethics. During this time, a progressive movement ensured citizens with the concept of living wage. The main aim of the movement was to persuade business for adopting policies that ensured allocation of sufficient income for the workers for fulfill their need for education, recreation, health and retirement. Then again, the political and social movements of the 1960s are also responsible for bringing in major changes in the arena of business ethics (Crane Matten, 2016). Things took a different turn in the 1980s when incidents like illegal contract practices, influential peddling, bribery, financial fraud and deceptive advertising were responsible for shaping the business ethics during this time. Explanation The dawn of the 21st century led to the evolution of new issues that in turn helped in the evolution of the business ethics that looked after product safety, misconduct financially on a global platform, cybercrime, protection from intellectual theft of property and issues involving sustainability of products and organizations (Gunasekaran Spalanzani, 2012). Thus, today the ethical issues faced by leaders in a business culture mainly focuses on Protection of the environment Avoid meltdowns like the global giant Enron Corruption against financial institutions Introducing products that does put public health at risk Avoiding discrimination Ensuring that sexual harassment is kept away from work place Protection of intellectual property In this context, one can say that ethics and laws are in control of two different domains. Thus, a law made for protection of public life whereas ethics meant to govern matters utterly private. Therefore, in other words, laws clearly reflect a set of rules enforced which everyone follows whereas ethics refers to personal view that is a reflection on how individual makes a choice for navigation of their life (Becker, 2012). There was a time whenbusiness ethics management focused primarily on themanagement of behavior of the employees but now there is an increase in attention for the development and implementation of tools and techniques that are associated with themanagement of social responsibility from a broader perspective (Myers, 2013). These externally focused components have involved considering the demands of other stakeholders. The core areas where themanagement of business ethics might pose relevant include: Setting the standards of ethical behavior Managing the relations of Stakeholders Ethical Performance assessment Analysis and Evaluation Codes of ethics are voluntary statements that not only commit industries and organizations but also professionals to specific actions, values and beliefs that are the reason behind appropriate ethical behavior in employees (Fu, 2014). There are however, four types of code of ethics for the corporate. These include professional code of ethics, corporate or organizational code of ethics, industry code of ethics, and programme or group code of ethics. The role that organizational or corporate code of ethics holds includes (Bishop, 2013): These codes of ethics is specific to a single organization The code of ethics sometimes called code of conduct or code of principles Ensures identification and encouragement of ethical behavior The roles that Professional Code of Ethics plays include (Matthews, 2012): Ensures professional groups with their own guidelines for appropriate behavioral conduct This is applies for people in professionals of medicine, law and accountability The role that Industry Code of Ethics plays includes (Ford Richardson, 2013): This code of ethics also applies to specific professions and particular industries There are many countries where the financial service industry will have its own code of conduct for the companies operating within the industry. The role that Program or group code of ethics plays includes (Beeri et al., 2013): There are certain programs or sub group of organizations who establish code of ethics for those taking part in their specific programs. For instance, this includes collaboration with business leaders from Japan, USA and Europe that contributed in the development of code of ethics globally. With the rise of the multinational business, many organizations have found that code of ethics established in the home country may need to be remolded for the international operations. Thus to make the guidelines for domestic employees relevant and more applicable in the overseas context three principles should be implemented (Morel, 2015). There should be respect for human core values There should be respect for local traditions The belief in context on deciding what is right or wrong. However, three key relationship attributes determine the perceived importance that stakeholders have. These are as follows: Power: This refers to the perceived capacity of a stakeholder in influencing the action of the organization. Urgency: The level to which stakeholder claims considered for immediate action Legitimacy: Wherever the stakeholders actions considered desirable and appropriate by the organization This has been general trend that the relationship that business and their stakeholders is confrontational in nature (Burchell Cook, 2013). However, stakeholders relationships can take a different variety of forms that include: Challenge: This refers to opposition or mutual conflict One-way support: This relationship based on sponsorship Sparring partners: This refers to periodic conflict, healthy conflict Endorsement: This relationship type refers to paid and unpaid public approval such as labeling Strategy dialogue: This refers relationship between partners through discussion over long-term issues Project dialogue: This refers to discussion between partners for purposes that are specific Joint venture or alliance: This refers to formal partnership that involves mutual commitment of resources. Task force: This refers to co-operation for achieving a specified task There have however been problems with collaboration of stakeholders. These include resource intensity that is not only expensive but also time consuming as compared to the existing form of business decision-making (Angelstam et al., 2013). There is also culture clash that defines the different values and goals. Uncontrollability is also one of the key problems that crops up from stakeholder collaboration. Collaboration with the stakeholders also leads to cooptation that implies that do the stakeholders collaborate for real commitment or they do so for fulfilling their own selfish motives, the answer is not quite clear. With the collaboration of the stakeholders, there lies the problem of accountability in terms of responsibility, liability and enforcement. Thus, there must be different approaches that a business must adopt to become more performance oriented. They include assessing the ethical, social, environmental performance to make the business more sustainable. Personal Reflections and Implications for Business Practice According to my viewpoint, the present business world faces a constant challenge of maintaining a climate that is ethical while maintaining profitability and competitive. Thus, I believe that maintaining ethical behavior however reflects ways that remains consistent with business worldviews of moral values and principles. However, I can say that working as ethical business comes with its own benefits (Trevino Nelson, 2016). This includes the ability of the business to not only keep and attract investors but also keep its customers and employees. In such cases, investors are also at peace of mind knowing that the company they have invested in promises to work in a responsible manner thereby giving them an assurance that their money will not go in waste. Moreover, I have seen that employees working for a company with strong business ethics are more confident that they do not have to work under conditions that involve any kind of unethical practices. Businesses performing with ethics a re also in an advantageous condition from the point of view of customers, as they know that they are buying products and services from a company that knows to source materials in a responsible manner. In this context, I can draw in the example of Johnson and Johnson and the Tylenol case. On September 30, 1982, there was death of three people in the Chicago area from introduction of cyanide into the extra strong Tylenol capsules. However, there remained link between the death and the capsules that spread like wildfire and thus Johnson and Johnson notified, as they were the manufacturers of Tylenol (Berg Robb, 2013). Therefore, as an immediate course of action Johnson Johnson ordered for an immediate recall of the Tylenol bottles. Thus according to me, from, ethical point of view the company did not want to lose its reputation and thus put public safety as the primary concern. As a company of refute, they kept the image of the company secondary compared to public safety. This made the incident a legendary one thereby becoming a future study in textbook as to how Johnson and Johnson handle tragedy. The decision was not only the most appropriate one from the ethical point of view but the company also applied skills in handling the aftermath of tragedy. Thus, I believe that businesses that operate within ethical guidelines also have lesser risk for its poor performance. Such businesses also have lesser chances of finding themselves in breaching of one or multitude of laws that are concerned with required behavior. These include laws involving payment to regimes that are corrupt or policies related to environmental practice. I believe that just in case the company held in law breaching cases, not only fines imposed on the company but also its directors but also individual employees. Thus, reputation is one of the most important aspects for a company which is also the most difficult to build once lost. Thus, the company should uphold the promises and try to maintain them that are an important aspect in maintaining a companys reputation. Therefore, I believe that businesses that do not follow any particular ethical code or carry out any kind of social responsibility do face wider consequences. Conclusion The report concludes by throwing a light on the personal reflections and implications of business practice from ethical point of view. The management discipline and business ethics is dependent on the quality management of the company. The managerial principle and values, which are the basics of the social responsibility values applied and discussed in the analysis. The cases discussed in the following report are of organizations that conducted their operation in the ethical way and experience a better position in the global market. In this context, the perfect example is that of Johnson and Johnson is whose effective handling of the Tylenol case helped it to maintain its reputation. The corporate social responsibility comes from the morale of doing business and that dependent on the values and mission that a company adapts while selling the products or services, known as social implication of business ethics. There is also analysis and evaluation done based on business ethics. The r eport also gives a background information and explanation of the business code of ethics. References Angelstam, P., Andersson, K., Annerstedt, M., Axelsson, R., Elbakidze, M., Garrido, P., ... Skrbck, E. (2013). Solving problems in socialecological systems: Definition, practice and barriers of transdisciplinary research. Ambio, 42(2), 254-265. Becker, G. K. (Ed.). (2012). Ethics in business and society: Chinese and western perspectives. Springer Science Business Media. Beeri, I., Dayan, R., Vigoda-Gadot, E., Werner, S. B. (2013). Advancing ethics in public organizations: The impact of an ethics program on employees perceptions and behaviors in a regional council. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(1), 59-78. Berg, D. M., Robb, S. (2013). Crisis Management and the" paradigm case. Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations II, 93. Bishop, W. H. (2013). The role of ethics in 21st century organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(3), 635-637. Burchell, J., Cook, J. (2013). Sleeping with the enemy? Strategic transformations in businessNGO relationships through stakeholder dialogue. Journal of business ethics, 113(3), 505-518. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. In Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics (pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Fu, W. (2014). The impact of emotional intelligence, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction on ethical behavior of Chinese employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 137-144. Gunasekaran, A., Spalanzani, A. (2012). Sustainability of manufacturing and services: Investigations for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 140(1), 35-47. Matthews, J. (2012). Role of professional organizations in advocating for the nursing profession. Online J Issues Nurs, 17(3). Mnookin, R. H., Weisberg, D. K. (2014). Child Family and State: Problems and Materials on Children and the Law. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Morel, N. (2015). Servants for the knowledge-based economy? The political economy of domestic services in Europe. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State Society, 22(2), 170-192. Myers, M. D. (2013). Qualitative research in business and management. Sage. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons.

Integrated Brand Management Bags and Jewellery

Question: Discuss about theIntegrated Brand Managementfor Bags and Jewellery. Answer: Introduction Colette Hayman aims to help women style themselves so that they can carry themselves with ease and confidence. The products sold by the firm are bags, jewellery and accessories targeting the women (Colettehayman.com.au 2017). According to Lindstrom (2005), Colette Hayman makes a synergy of multiple senses to create emotional connections. The products are attractive in nature thereby pleasing sight. Campaign shoot are conducted by the company for sound marketing. The smell of the leather bags is distinctive thereby giving a brand identity. In this manner, the brand maximizes sensuous values and creates the most iconic image (Colettehayman.com.au 2017). According to Holt (2003), a few brands become icons when they operate at the cultural level. The brand defines itself with an affordable statement of high-end fashion trends. Colette Hayman recognizes the gap and fills it with their unique concepts while empowering women of all cultures. The style savvy brand enables the women of all ages and tastes to treat themselves with the latest pop culture trends. The designs are influenced from the current and upcoming trends. The brand targets women to empower them and targets national contradictions. Colette Hayman is planning to extend their footprint to countries like USA, UK, Canada and many others (Colettehayman.com.au 2017). Jones and Motluk (2008) argue that persuasion is the key element of all interaction. Several persuasive strategies are adopted by the brand that makes the customers or potential customers look in a framed manner. The brand interacts with the customers on social media such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and others that are widely use platform by masses. Features such as international delivery and tracking persuades the customer to make purchases from anywhere in the world. They consider style over substance by using smooth communication. The women empowerment message and theme is more empowering than other brands (Colettehayman.com.au 2017). References Colettehayman.com.au, 2017.About us. [online] Colette by Colette Hayman. Available at: https://www.colettehayman.com.au/pages/about-us [Accessed 25 Feb. 2017]. Holt, D.B., 2003. What becomes an icon most?. Harvard Business Review, 81(3), pp.43-49. Jones, D. and Motluk, A., 2008. How to get exactly what you want. New Scientist, 198(2655), pp.32-37. Lindstrom, M., 2005. Broad sensory branding.Journal of Product Brand Management, 14(2), pp.84-87.

The Voting Rights Act

Edmontosaurus - Facts and Figures

Edmontosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Edmontosaurus (Greek for Edmonton lizard); pronounced ed-MON-toe-SORE-us Habitat: Swamps of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (70-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 40 feet long and 3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Muscular jaws with numerous teeth; duck-like bill About Edmontosaurus Originally unearthed in Canada (hence its name, honoring the city of Edmonton), Edmontosaurus was a widely distributed plant-eating dinosaur whose strong jaws and numerous teeth could crunch through the toughest conifers and cycads. With its occasionally bipedal stance and medium height, this three-ton hadrosaur (duck-billed dinosaur) probably ate leaves from the low-lying branches of trees, and also got down on all fours when necessary to browse ground-level vegetation. The taxonomic history of Edmontosaurus would make for a good-sized novel. The genus itself was formally named in 1917, but various fossil specimens had been making the rounds well before that; as far back as 1871, the famous paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope described this dinosaur as Trachodon. Over the next few decades, genera like Claosaurus, Hadrosaurus, Thespesius and Anatotitan were thrown around pretty much indiscriminately, some erected to accommodate Edmontosaurus remains and some having new species stuffed under their umbrella. The confusion persists even today; for example, some paleontologists still refer to Anatotitan (the giant duck), even though a strong case can be made that this was actually an Edmontosaurus species. In a stunning feat of retroactive detective work, one paleontologist investigating a bite mark on an Edmontosaurus skeleton determined that it was inflicted by a full-grown Tyrannosaurus Rex. Since the bite was clearly not fatal (theres evidence of bone growth after the wound was incurred), this counts as solid evidence that a) Edmontosaurus was a regular item on T. Rexs dinner menu, and b) T. Rex did occasionally hunt for its food, rather than contenting itself with scavenging already-dead carcasses. Recently, paleontologists discovered a partially mummified Edmontosaurus skeleton bearing an unexpected feature: a fleshy, round, rooster-like comb on top of this dinosaurs head. As yet, its unknown whether all Edmontosaurus individuals possessed this comb, or just one sex, and we cant yet conclude that this was a common feature among other Edmontosaurus-like hadrosaurs.

Development Of Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Development Of Saudi Arabia - Essay Example Empirical studies on infrastructure development and bread-and-butter growth Ruttan (1989) discussed the acumen why avant-garde countries accommodate ODA to developing countries. He asserted that there are two arguments one is based on the bread-and-butter and cardinal arrogance of the donor country. The additional one is based on the ethical or moral albatross of the association of affluent countries against the association of poor countries. Easterly and Rebelo (1993) observed whether or not changes in the akin of assorted action variables assuredly added the bread-and-butter advance rate, and antiseptic whether or not investments accompanying to advice and telecommunications aloft the bread-and-butter advance rate. They begin that accessible infrastructure investment is a ample atom of both absolute and accessible investment, and infrastructure is consistently activated with bread-and-butter growth. Yoshida (2000) presented an absolute assertion that there is a close correlation be tween economic advancement and the development in various sectors such as energy, electricity, and transportation. The development of the transport alley arrangement plays an important role in the bread-and-butter development of a country and, therefore, the long-paved road absolute in a country is generally acclimated as a basis to appraise the further of its development. The able development of the transport alley arrangement not alone reduces the amount of transportation, both in agreement of money and time, but as well helps in the affiliation of assorted regions aural the country and the bigger compassionate of neighboring countries at the all-embracing level. The transport alley arrangement in Saudi Arabia contributed to the development of the country by bringing in absolute allowances from its role in the development of some sectors, such as minerals, agriculture, industry and commerce (Infrastructure, n. d.). In all-inclusive

Thinking About the Human Experience Research Paper

Thinking About the Human Experience - Research Paper Example There are some elements in the humanities field that children might enjoy. Theatre and dance are an intricate part of a child’s psychology. Performing arts encourages children to relate with one another, and enjoy the experience. Growing up, some children find it challenging to continue with these arts, and choose to pursue other areas. However, for some, this becomes their daily life as they have a passion for it. These arts are not looked at as child’s play once people desist from participating in them. It is just that people choose to explore diverse areas so as to learn more while adding more to the given field (DePoy & Gilson, 2007). Critical and creative thinking is often brought out through the humanities. In the philosophy of law, for example, individuals can learn to comprehend what affects them in their immediate society. Society can learn to tackle the issues they face regularly in open-minded and reasoned discussions, and arrive at feasible solutions. Folks stand the chance of understanding and appreciating diverse cultures that are present in the world. They can now learn to relate to other people’s experiences, and learn from them (DePoy & Gilson, 2007). In conclusion, humanities are crucial in the lives of many individuals. It assists in keeping a comprehensive record of human experiences and lives. It helps explore, assess, interpret, and refine life. This is while adding innovativeness to it (DePoy & Gilson, 2007). The humanities are responsible for having the most varied disciplines in the world, and why they have attained global

Business Ethics and Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Ethics and Law - Assignment Example will imply that dangerous dumping need to be avoided by the cruising ships which have been the number one contributor to wasting the grey water in the sea and therefore, causing pollution. There are various recommendations that I can make for control of the current situation to ensure that no companies benefit from the seas at the expense of other people. One recommendation is that all the individuals and companies that use the sea in the cruising business should be charged according to the amount of waste they throw into the seas (Anonymous, n.d). This will ensure that a regulating body makes the treatment of the sea water so that there sea life can continue in a balanced ecosystem. All ship owners should be supervised to ensure that they are not risking the lives at the sea ensure by throwing either there human or the non human wastes into the sea at any point in time. This would help the beneficiaries of the sea like the swimmers, fishermen and others to get the benefit as users of the sea and this will help ensure that the fish and aquatic plants are prevented from poisoning. Clean sea water will ensure that the distribution and the population of the aquatic life is as per the natural condition. After the implementation of the cleaning of the waters, I would recommend that all sea cruisers be fitted with enough tanks to keep the non human wastes in them and release them at a treatment point. This will ensure that grey water will not have negative impact to the aquatic life and therefore, it will ensure the sea cruising companies are responsible on the way they react to the environment. The strategy would address the problem at its base and will ensure that there is fairness in using the sea by containing wastes of the environment. This will mean that people who depend on the sea will be able to use the sea for a longer time. This recommendation will extend the economic benefit to all he fishermen, because they will continue with their activities for a longer

Influences on Self-Concepts and the Impact

Influences on Self-Concepts and the Impact I have been asked to reassess a case study on Isaac Barlow and Zac Barlow. In my assessment I shall include aspects that influenced the brothers self concept. Also, I shall include an outline how these factors can influence the growth of their self esteem. Finally, I shall include an explanation on how these factors can influence the development of their self concept. (P3) State factors that influence an individuals self-concept and give a clear and full account of the factors that might have influenced the brothers self-concept. I shall state the factors that influence an individuals self-concept and I will give a clear and full account of the factors that might have influenced the brothers self-concept. Factors that can influence an individuals self-concept are education, media, appearance, culture, abuse, relationships, gender, income and age. Education: Education can influence an individuals self-concept by having supportive teaching staff who continues to encourage a student to keep up the good work. Also, another factor that can influence an individuals self-concept is the lack of employment due to having a poor education. Education can impact on a persons self-esteem if they cannot get into employment and the person will get a negative self-image and low self-esteem. Media: Media can influence an individuals self-concept through provision of educational sources such as, promoting enrolment on academic courses and information on current situation happening in our society. A further reason that can influence an individuals self-concept is displaying of images of models or celebrities being underweight. For example, pictures of Victoria Beckham and Nicole Richie. Appearance: Appearance can affect an individuals self-concept both constructively and harmfully. For example, appearance constructive influence will be pictures displayed by sports encouraging individuals to keep up a healthy lifestyle. Further to point, appearance can have a negative influence on a persons life through advertising photos of underweight models and this can influence young women to try to seem very thin. Culture: Culture is a belief that you have or self values. This can influence our self concept if we do not endorse other individuals culture. Example req. Also, this can be the way you were brought up by your parents or a guardian. Abuse: There are different types of abuse; they are physical, emotional, neglect and sexual. These or any type of abuse can be detrimental to a person, however, abuse can influence a person if they have been neglected and they will develop a low self esteem. In addition, a person has been neglected may feel socially excluded and may suffer from mental health conditions. Relationships: Relationship can influence an individuals self concept if you do not have a supportive family, peers. This will may lead the individual to have a negative self concept with socialisation. Furthermore, having high expectations can also have a negative self concept of an individual, additionally if the person has been compared to other peer groups or siblings can have a negative influence. Gender: Gender is characterised by being a man or woman. This categorisation can influence a persons self-concept of stereotyping job roles for both genders. For example, men should play football and women should stay at home and cook the meals also take care of the children. Finally, I believe that these factors may influence an individuals self-concept everyone should be treated equally regardless of their gender. Income: Income can influence individual self concept if they do not have enough income they may be despair that they cannot afford to live a normal life. For example, with insufficient low income a person cannot maintain their lifestyle factors, such as paying their rent, afford heating facilities within their home plus have a balance diet. Age: It can be said that self-concept can fluctuate throughout different life stages, for example. Also, age can influence a persons self concept during childhood and adolescent development. Through comprehending his ideal self receiving peer pressure. Self concept is the way an individual visualise them self. For example, self concept can be very influential in the way we see our self; by receiving critical comments by peers or family member, which can cause low self esteem. Self concept is made up of factors such as self image, ideal self and self esteem. Haworth et al (2010) suggests that there are numerous factors that can affect your self- concept. They are age, education, media, appearance, culture, abuse, relationships, gender, and income. These factors are also known as socioeconomic factors. (M2) Outline how factors can influence the development of an individuals self-concept, or Outline how the factors that influenced the brothers self-concept. (D1) Describe how the factors influenced the brothers self-concept. Factors that influenced Zac Barlow self-concept Age: During Zacs infancy years he was unable to distinguish what gender he was. During Zacs childhood years he was able to distinguish his family. During he was able to identify that he was a student and what year he was in school and able to identify his likes and dislikes. He was able to tell who is friends were and express his emotions. During adolescent life stage he was able to compare himself with others and express his relationship with peers. Also, he was able to describe his beliefs and acknowledge what is right from what is wrong. During his adulthood life stage he should become more confident within his personal relationship and establish himself within a particular career. Appearance: Zacs appearance seems to have been influence negatively, because he was not interested in sports. This may have impacted on him because within the norms males are expected to do physical activities. Also, this will have an impact on his self esteem, although his self image might be different on what others think about him. He may not feel attracted to form any relationship with the opposite sex at school because of his appearance. Moreover, his self concept may decrease due to how others perceive him. He had a very thin physique which might be an influence from the media. He may be affected by his appearance. His appearance may affect by how he attires or carries himself and called gay; he may feel within his ideal self that he is gay. Also, hearing negative words all the time can make him believe whatever they mimic him and this will lead to negative social interaction with his peers. Media: The media may have an impact on how he feels about himself. Media may impact on his appearance. May has impacted the way he feels about himself or may have an impact on his image which may encourage him to keep his body built. Contribute to self concept development; social, academic, emotional physical may impact on his appearance which is his ideal self. Media can also provide positive educational opportunities which can help to develop a persons academic growth. Culture: He believes he was the norm. In the western culture boys meant to be masculine and girls meant to be feminine. His culture can be influenced by his family also by his peers. He did not have a girlfriend at school plus how he was brought up might impact on his self esteem. Gender: He was male. He meant to have masculine physiques. He faces gender stereotype because he was not taking part in sport activity at school. Because of his gender stereotype it decreases his academic performance at school. At a certain age people can identify or chose which group to follow so he hangs out with older boys. Education: He was influenced by his parents to study because he did not have a choice. He was influenced by teachers, peers and parents to study. May start to compare himself with his peers including siblings. Receiving additional support from the school could help to develop his self concept. Being compared to other pupils or siblings can affect his views on himself. Been teased Zac may feel unwanted and be ashamed of who he is as a person and as a part of that he would have a low self esteem which he may possibly continue through to adulthood. This may also affect his relationships and employment prospects. Constant teasing can affect Zac overall mood and that is why he was unsociable. Because of this he may lose interest in sports activities and was able to build a relationship with older boys. He will also develop mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. He may feel reluctant to try and build relationships with his peers. Being teased can also has a significant consequence on his academic performance, reason being, he has been teased and this will make him divert from paying attention on his studies. This will have a result on his academic study by not making it into six forms or college. Also because he has been teased he did not want to take part in certain lessons. There is no indication of how long the teasing took place but there was speculations of Zac being bullied by his peers. Additionally, if he have been bullied this will show signs that his teasing was going on for a while then potentially lead to bullying. Furthermore, this will allow Zac to be in fear and have a negative self-concept about himself or have a negative self-image, self-esteem, self-value and ideal self. These mental scars can affect Zac in both past and present conduct and decrease his chance of academic and psychological hardship throughout school and into adulthood. Income: He was raised in a middle class family. So his parents had enough money to live an above normal lifestyle. Having brought up in a middle class family, would mean that some of his needs were financially. Also, been used to a lot of money during his development he may be used to materialistic things. He may influence to steal because he cannot afford his lifestyle needs which can have a negative self image. Relationship: There are different types of relationships, which are family, mutual, ect. He did not have a good relationship with his peers because they taunted him. He did not have good relationship with school staff as he always gets into trouble at school He may introvert his social behaviour. He did not have a good relationship with his parents as he has been neglected and he would not speak to them. He did not have good social interaction with any of his peers family and staff at school. He develops relationship with older boys as they share similar value this will strengthen his self concept and extrovert his social conduct. Abuse: He was verbally abused by peers which will have an emotional impact on his self esteem. He was neglected by his parents, for example, his emotional needs were neglected. He may be abuse by the older boys which influenced him to smoke because he was vulnerable. He may be stereotyped because of his role of his gender, for instance, males meant to be muscular and females were meant to be gorgeous.

Paul Strand :: essays research papers

Key Figures 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1936 Strand joined with Berenice Abbot to establish the Photo League in New York 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strand was the first photographer to acheive a really decisive break with pictorialism and apply some of the lessons of the new modern art to photography. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul Strand was born in New York and attended the Ethical Culture School where his teacher was Lewis Hine. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strands later work moved toward a documentary approach, attempting to encapsulate a feeling a place and its people in a body of work, published in book form. The most successful of these dealth with rural communities such as the Hebridean Islands or a village in the Italian South. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strands work was published in the last two issues of Camera Work and the pictures marked a turning point for photography. Laslo Moholy-Nagy 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teacher at the Bauhaus School in Germany. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Establishes the New Bauhaus at the Chicago Institute of Design. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Used straight photography and photomontage. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Disorienting Images. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Experimented with stage design and photography. Man Ray 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surrealist 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Made dreamlike images 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His revolutionary nude studies, fashion work, and portraits opened a new chapter in the history of photography. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  he was enthusiastically welcomed into Dadaist and Surrealist circles 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Man Ray experimented tirelessly with new photographic techniques, multiple exposure, rayography, and solarization being some of his most famous. John Heartfield 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Original name Helmut Herzfeld 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  German Dadaist. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pushed the idea of using massprinted source material by inventing the photomontage. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  practice social criticism 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wasn’t allowed to express himself in Germany during Hitler’s time. Aleksandr Rodchenko 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aimed to make the familiar strange. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wanted to challenge or provoke the viewer. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Valued technology 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Style : close ups, unusual vantage points, tilted his camera. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Was born in Russia. Edward Weston 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Photographing natural landscapes and forms such as peppers, shells, and rocks, using large-format cameras and available light 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  produced sensuously precise images raised to the level of poetry. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He became successful working in a soft-focus, Pictorial style, winning many salon and professional awards. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By 1920 he was experimenting with semi-abstractions in a hard-edged style. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  own portrait studio between 1911 and 1922 in Tropico, California. Eugene Atget 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  first of photography's social documenters 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His images of Paris are perhaps the most vivid record of a city ever made. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  sold 2500 negatives relating to the history of Paris, a large portion of the work he had been accumulating for two decades, to the Caisse National des Monuments Historiques. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  some of his photographs were in the magazine La revolution surrealà ­ste.

Discuss the various roles of social work which need to be employed in addressing ‘transphobia’

Transphobia is a recent phenomenon in the forum of Social Work and inequalities; a term that's tagged on at the end of the line of inequalities faced by people from the differing community factions that don't fit into the mould of societal norms of traditionally white, patriarchal expectations. Despite the profusion of papers on wider transgender issues, there is a paucity of research discussing Social Worker and Mental Health practitioner interventions and their considered roles; this is given the emergence of trans issues in the UK thus highlighting the nascent need for debate. Consideration has to be given to the conflicts that exist on the use of the transgender label, and specifically how it fits in with existence of the bi-polar binary gender system (Monro 2002); practitioners ought to consider a wider remit that includes not just the traditionally considered core elements of transsexual and transvestite people, but notably, the three different spheres of transgenderism which embraces those who are biologically, socially or morphologically transgendered (Laframbiose 2003), moreover, the realisation that the philosophies and politics behind the issues of transgenderism no longer belongs to a small community that practitioners will rarely come across in their careers, but instead on a daily basis to a whole range of individuals that do not adopt society's typically patriarchal expectations of male and female, including those that fit outside the bi-polar gender binary system but who do not adopt the trans label. The new reality that practitioners face is that, daily, there is increasing potential of working with individuals who deviate from the traditional notion of gender binaries, including those people who arguably deviate to a trans role, but who don't adopt the label though non-the-less experience transphobia; a contradiction in terms requiring pause for constructive reflection. Initial stages of practitioner intervention In order to ascertain practitioner roles, there is a need for full appreciation of the barriers in conforming to the norms of the wider society in general. Traditional psychological paradigms are starting to move with mental health providers working towards de-pathologising trans individuals as having ‘normal' mental health (Cole and Meyer, 1998 in Raj, 2002); the inference here is that transgender is not a psychological problem, but more that the problem is handed over to individuals in society who fail to recognise the unconventional variations of gender roles and identity; a similar pattern follows with the social model of disability, which argues that it isn't the impairments that causes the problems of disability, but that the responsibility for disability is placed squarely on society (Oliver, 1990); I argue that this lateral notion is no different, perhaps pioneering a new definition and need for nascent debate for a ‘Social Model of Transgenderism'. Practitioners should adopt clear aims to apply the ‘core values' of Social Work (Thompson, 2000), thus ensuring they work within an anti-oppressive framework which empowers trans individuals to access a range of services to which they are entitled. According to observations by Raj (2002), there is the requirement to express an attitude that is respectful, sensitive, accepting, validating, affirming, empathic, caring, compassionate, encouraging, supportive, and mutually trusting and trustworthy; the Social Model notion mentioned earlier would benefit the relationship between the ‘service provider and customer'; Raj goes on to add that this approach ensures an honest negotiation for services that is informed by a mutual contract of respect and trust for each other; this is currently negated by the specific experiences of transsexual people in the UK who are subjected to various hoops to obtain the treatments they desire, as according to Eyre in her work for Charing Cross, she advises the need for gender identity clinics to become more client focused (1999), signifying that potential conflicts still exist between professionals and differing trans client groups who fear personally negative outcomes of practitioner interventions, an issue that should to be addressed to ensure that the needs of transgender people are being considered appropriately and respectfully. Roles within practitioner intervention The three main areas of work with which practitioners are concerned with are to work effectively and efficiently with trans individuals following standards of conduct laid down by the GSCC (2002), to work effectively with the agencies who can assist trans people and thirdly, to use a pertinent role enabling individuals to move forward with their lives, roles that are important to enable individuals contend with feelings of despair and a lack of self worth, some even attempt suicide; furthermore, according to Monro (2000), she broadly writes; ‘Economic exclusion is one example of transphobia, unless gender ambiguous people are able to successfully ‘pass' as male or female, are frequently victims of violence and abuse and like intersex people, are socially invisible with hardly any representation in the media, social policy and sexual minorities, and lack service provision in areas such as education, the family and the penal system.' If trans people regularly experience these ranges of prejudices, the urgency becomes clear for practitioners to engage trans individuals in resolving these injustices, therefore facilitating their rightful integration as equal citizens; furthermore, the ‘National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors' indicates that not all trans individuals are at the same stage of self-acceptance and identity development (1999); this suggests that there are issues to be addressed in terms of trans people's comfort levels in coming out and disclosing their minority status. Any practitioner's intervention should assess for individual's development in terms of their mental health, stress levels, self concept and access to social supports. Recognising that discrimination against trans people is pervasive in this society (T.A.P. 1999), practitioners are faced with issues of prejudices experienced on a daily basis by individuals which includes being denied housing, employment, medical treatment, legal protection or some aspects of ‘hate crime' in the community. During 1999, transsexual individuals met with key figures at a local health authority to look at patient's clinical needs as they would for any other group (PFC, 1999); this experience contributed to the development of initial recommendations to the Parliamentary Forum, which resulted in the ‘Report of Interdepartmental Working Group Transsexual People' in April 2000 (Home Office). This experience simply highlights how by acting in a significant ‘activist' role and engaging individuals in small, localised issues of concern, can prove to be a stimulating and empowering experience and shows how such efforts by trans people can be used to good effect in proposals for a national governmental initiative thus helping to further break down the barriers of transphobia. As ‘advocates', it is essential to recognise the difficult positions that some trans individuals find themselves. Given that advocacy is something we approach others to take on board (Scottish Executive 2002) trans people become vulnerable as a result of the transphobic prejudices they face whether on a national scale via bad media experiences, or more directly from incidents within the local community. Some trans people do not have the close connections of friends and family to give the support that is required. The practitioner's role in this case would be to ensure that trans individuals have a facility to speak out so that their views and feelings can be expressed in a safe environment without prejudice, and being an effective advocate that sees things from a trans persons perspective can empower individuals to make their own decisions, work a way forward and make some waves to resolve their difficulties. This has to be done on their terms and allows them to be in control of the whole process; for example, it is easy for advocates to do everything on an individual's behalf, though is it only true advocacy if the trans individual was given the power to decide whether the practitioner acts on their behalf, or acts as an influential professional enabling the individual to do things for themselves. Practitioners effectively act as the link between individuals and the agencies and resources available to them. An example of the work of a ‘broker' is perhaps that of the financial advisor, familiar with the availability of financial packages; in this respect, the practitioner needs to have a very clear knowledge of the agencies, services and packages available to the trans individual. Despite scant resources, there are important organisations including, but not limited to, the Gender Trust, Beaumont Society, GIRES and PFC, each offering specific roles to trans people. One of the aims of GIRES (2003), is to provide education on gender identity issues; they offer financial support for the educational work carried on at local level by trans people who are unemployed or on low incomes. Understanding the eligibility of these funding resources is just as important as realising the different target groups that each of the remaining organisations are aimed at. In carrying out day to day work, the ‘Trans-Yorks Project (2003) gives inspirational examples of work undertaken by trans people within Yorkshire and Humberside; Trans-Yorks is an organisation run for and by trans people, though needless to say, many lessons can be learnt from observing a project giving ideas for practitioners to take on board in other areas. The founding ‘coordinator' also acted as the ‘initiator' who was responsible for bringing together the components of the voluntary organisation in so many different ways, which ranged from providing a telephone support helpline, discussion e-mail list, resourceful website, newsletter, information library, fundraising and social events. What resulted was the development of a constitution and a committee of trans people charged with the daily running of the groups' activities forging what is a forward thinking voluntary organisation which empowers local trans people to partake in the wider community and raise their own sense of identity, confidence and self esteem. Much can be learned here in developing the same resources elsewhere in the UK. ‘Educating' others about the issues of transphobia and trans lifestyles requires practitioners to become fully informed; they need to be ‘knowledgeable' in order to be effective, and can certainly provide a useful role in highlighting to trans individuals that the problems they have may well not be of their doing; certainly, being ‘told' that they have been the subjects of ‘victimisation', ‘bullying' and ‘harassment' can be empowering, and moreover, engages individuals to realise that there are acts, resources and agencies that can assist in overcoming the problems they face. An example is that the Protection from Harassment Act (1997) can be a powerful tool in engaging the individual with their local police force to resolve issues of ‘hate' crimes that have been made against them. Issues arise if the practitioner is not able to communicate this information effectively so that it is easily understood. Practitioners are often engaged in an ‘Enabler' role with individuals; enabling a trans individual to cope with ‘transitional' stress from one gender to another, in being able to come to terms with, find and accept their own sense of gender identity, along with developing their place in the community is an important role to acknowledge. CCETSW (in Thompson 2000) explained the process of ensuring people have opportunities to explore their own strengths, and then break down the problems that they have into components so that they could be tackled more easily; this process will generally include establishing some aims and goals such as ascertaining access to education, obtaining and maintaining work, or simply finding new friends in the local community. Issues arise in overcoming trans people's sense of poor self esteem and confidence, and so counselling skills formed from social work theories can be used in collaboration with other agencies and community projects, proving of benefit to the trans individual. It is worth noting that the majority of trans people, once they have settled their identity along the gender spectrum, often feel quite happy and contribute to society; however, there are some individuals who would benefit from being informed about the benefits of social work interventions at a level that best suits them, but which does not oppress them into an interventionists ‘contract'. A key task for practitioners is being involved with facilitating activities with local client groups, thus encouraging people to bring their ideas together either in brainstorming sessions, or opportunities that contribute to policy development or new initiatives to benefit the trans community and self defined by the group itself. As the ‘facilitator' in these situations, the essential part of a regular role for practitioners. According to Iowa State University (1992), developing a partnership of trust and ensuring everyone is fully involved in unity to achieve an agreed objective is the most essential task. This is a process that worked very well for Bockting et al (1999) who were charged with the task of getting together community representatives to develop an educational HIV prevention package for transgender people; the effective facilitation of this project resulted in increased partnership which led to a more effective campaign working towards promoting better health amongst transgender people. As in any other community, conflicts and problems do arise, and one of the key practitioner roles in any case is that of ‘mediation' in order to resolve conflicts and problems not just for the trans individuals, but also those closely related to them; one example specifically relates to a call in mediation in relation to trans parents, their partners and their children and often, Social Work practitioners are called in by the Children's a Families section to make an assessment in terms of The Children Act 1989 and the Family Law Act 1996. According to Press for Change (2002) when a custody battle develops, the courts reluctantly award custody to the trans parent thus frequently place very severe restrictions on access, sometimes wholly forbidding access; this relates well with the fact that s.1 of The Children Act (1989) considers the interests of the child as being paramount and commonly, the trans birth parent will often feel oppressed and discriminated against; this is further compounded by the fact that the other parent and their social worker might assess that children could be disturbed by contact with a parent that has a trans identity. This therefore necessitates the role of mediation which enables the practitioner to educate and explain the situation to the close relations and friends to ensure contact is not lost and that access to their children is not prevented. In much of this, the role of ‘negotiator' is often called for, and is not dissimilar to that of the neutral mediator. Getting a consensus even between the different factions of the trans community, and the agencies charged with providing a service to them does involve fighting for a middle ground that all sides can settle down to in order to achieve a consensus between all sides; the question is, just what is there to negotiate? A look back on all the different roles that practitioners play will reveal the deep seated transphobia that trans people face in their lives, and in every aspect of intervention with trans people will mean coming to the bargaining table to achieve the one thing that trans people seek to achieve, a sense of fairness, justice and most all, the right to equality and respect. Conclusion Raj (2002) made some important recommendations in working towards an overall goal of providing a ‘transpositive and therapeutic' approach that is ‘trans affirmative' and which considers individual trans individuals using a ‘best fit' approach; the suggestion here is that rather than perhaps working to a gender binary approach, that instead a reflexive role be taken on which accommodates and appreciates the needs of the specific gender that an individual feels to be, even if it doesn't fit in with societal norms thus eliminating any opportunities for transphobia to occur in the relationship with practitioner and the individual Indeed, the practitioner can apply their role appropriately depending on the practice setting, and that the needs, wishes and feelings of the individual trans person are taken into consideration first and foremost, and certainly before those of the practitioner; Furthermore, the recommendations given by Raj are significant in that suggestions are given for ongoing professional development ensuring that practitioners are ‘aware' of current trends and issues in transgenderism. Not only will such an approach ensure a more effective collaboration between practitioner and individual, but also assures the individual will not only receive the best quality professional response, but that the agency can report an increasingly value for money service which responds to, and is accepted by the trans community.

Free Essays on Raymond Carvers Cathedral

As with many short stories, Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† only has a few pages to develop his main character and create a scenario he or she must learn from or achieve something from or change because of. In such a short amount of space, word choice is integral in constructing a solid impression of the characters and their personalities in the reader’s mind. Carver’s simple use of language and sentence structure combined with his choice for point of view creates an intriguing tone and believable character interaction. This story, written as the thoughts of the narrator, is about an old blind friend of his wife’s coming to visit for the first time. The story focuses on the narrator’s cynicism toward the blind man and the way his wife seems to look up to him. Through out the visit there is halting interaction between the blind man and the narrator, however in the end the narrator experiences something he never could have imagined. Through the eyes of a blind man, he gains a better understanding of who he could be. The most striking aspect of Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† is the fact that the story is written from the point of view of a man not initially involved in the set up of the story at all. The narrator relays to the reader stories he has learned from his wife about her past before relaying what is happening in the present. He tells her history as if he were speaking to himself in an interior monologue. Her story is periodically interrupted with his own thoughts of what happened and he omits items that seem to bother him. â€Å"I’m saying that at the end of the summer she let the blind man run his hands over her face, said goodbye to him married her childhood etc., who was now a commissioned officer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (218). Every time this officer that is his wife’s first husband comes up in the story, the narrator moves on to other subjects quickly. This reveals a jealousy in him that is not plainly written in the story. It allow... Free Essays on Raymond Carver's Cathedral Free Essays on Raymond Carver's Cathedral As with many short stories, Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† only has a few pages to develop his main character and create a scenario he or she must learn from or achieve something from or change because of. In such a short amount of space, word choice is integral in constructing a solid impression of the characters and their personalities in the reader’s mind. Carver’s simple use of language and sentence structure combined with his choice for point of view creates an intriguing tone and believable character interaction. This story, written as the thoughts of the narrator, is about an old blind friend of his wife’s coming to visit for the first time. The story focuses on the narrator’s cynicism toward the blind man and the way his wife seems to look up to him. Through out the visit there is halting interaction between the blind man and the narrator, however in the end the narrator experiences something he never could have imagined. Through the eyes of a blind man, he gains a better understanding of who he could be. The most striking aspect of Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† is the fact that the story is written from the point of view of a man not initially involved in the set up of the story at all. The narrator relays to the reader stories he has learned from his wife about her past before relaying what is happening in the present. He tells her history as if he were speaking to himself in an interior monologue. Her story is periodically interrupted with his own thoughts of what happened and he omits items that seem to bother him. â€Å"I’m saying that at the end of the summer she let the blind man run his hands over her face, said goodbye to him married her childhood etc., who was now a commissioned officer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (218). Every time this officer that is his wife’s first husband comes up in the story, the narrator moves on to other subjects quickly. This reveals a jealousy in him that is not plainly written in the story. It allow...

Journal #2 Example

Journal #2 Example Journal #2 – Essay Example Journal response-WEB Du Bois 4/12 The maintains a clear stand I explaining W.E.B Du Bois from his birthplace to his humble beginnings as an activist. He began to work at a tender age to support his family. Throughout his life there was radical racism against the black race. It is an interesting story since it gives the reader an opportunity to understand the hardships that the black race went through in the United States. It is obvious that on page 883 that du bois is determined to rally the black race against oppression.On the story about Du Bois, the author gives a highlight of the forethought of the souls of the black folk. In the forethought on page 885, the first paragraph, Du Bois introduces the book and himself. The then develops the grand assertion on racism. He ends with an afterthought informing the reader not to let the information fall on deaf ears. Clearly, he is inciting the black race to stand for its rights.Theodore Dreiser4/11/2013From page 927- 929, the book focuses on Theodore Dreiser’s life. It develops a biography from birth to most of his famous writings as a journalist. The summary of his life defines his life as his relations with family members and the whole society. The book portrays Dreiser as one of the most prolific writers of his time. The book explains that Dreiser had an interest in human behavior and motives. This informed the writing of this book, from Sister Carrie.The book details three chapters of the book from page 929-943. An interesting fact about the story is because we do not know much about Carries identity; our first dint of her is made not by her opinions or actions but by her possessions. Dreisers describes her ends with the meticulous quantity of money she has.Du, Bois W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. Rockville, Md: Arc Manor, 2008. Print.

Poem Explication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poem Explication - Essay Example Simple as it sounds, not all the people develop this childish perception of the world, saturated and magical. But Berman with his accurate ad elaborated poetic vision is one of those poets who can describe something that can hardly be explained by words. In his â€Å"The Charm of 5:30† the author manages to show how his own perception of the reality allows him to make simple moments and sensations of life charming. The beauty is in the eye of the beholder they say, and when reading Berman`s poem I have understood that all these mild pleasures of life are free and accessible yet one needs to try to experience them to the full extent. It is a white verse, the author did not want to stick to some rhythm or rhyme, and it looks like the words that create images are pouring out of his mind like water. It is clear that Berman wants to describe those moments which he appreciates in life, those fragile and light sensations that literally make this life worth living (like discovering red tints in cola or meeting a friend or even thinking about the lives of great people) and which are often left unnoticed by people who forget they are not dead yet. So I would suggest that the meaning of the poem was to depict valuable and charming manifestations of life in all their beauty. Berman chooses the central role in this verse, he is the observer and he is the speaker, and this adds to the credibility and sincerity of â€Å"The Charm of 5:30†. In most cases in order to write something or at least to try to write something people need the occasion. David Berman does the opposite- he does not look for occasion- he creates the occasion or uses the very process of living as the occasion in other words. For him his inner world and the environment are equally charming. His thoughts, memories as well as the slightest movements in the outer world are worth of speaking about them: What is noticeable is that Berman neglects all the sound devices using

Emerging Technologies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emerging Technologies - Case Study Example Consequently, this case study highlights the use of intelligent building capabilities, discuss its risks, and recommend how providers can secure this technology. Inclusion of intelligent building capabilities in medical premises In a journal article, Hlousek (2008) contend that intelligent buildings have the capability of responding to the needs of its occupants along with saving on cost and reducing ecological impact. This is one of the motivators that seen people install sensory devices into everyday objects they can place in offices to monitor and provide data about users. The use of such technology has transformed how engineers design intelligent buildings, as pervasive technology continue to evolve over time. Currently, engineers can install various pervasive technologies in buildings such as CCTV cameras and wearable tags. These technologies help gather data about people in intelligent building, which can provide intelligence that can help providers deliver services to users (M oran & Nakata, 2010). The suitability of pervasive technology in proving gathering and transmitting data from users to receiving gadgets has paved way for the use of these technologies in various places. For instance, some parents use these wearable tags to track their children while some buildings have CCTV cameras to monitor people entering and exiting a building. Risks associated with the technologies Pervasive technologies have proved essential in enabling intelligent building users with services. However, there are various risks associated with this emerging technology. The risks associated with pervasive technologies in intelligent building include user perception, privacy concerns, and accuracy, ownership and accessibility. a) Perception: The use of pervasive technologies raises risk on how people perceive these technologies. In a medical environment, the installation of gadgets such as CCTV cameras can alter the behavior of physicians, as well as that of patients. Stress amo ng users is one of the effects of surveillance technologies when users feel they are under observation (Moran & Nakata, 2010). This can affect the performance and behaviors of subjects. b) Privacy concerns: Monitoring technologies such as GPS products and wearable tags have privacy risks. In a work environment, users have concerns on what kind of information employers can gather about their employees (Michael, McNamee & Michael, 2006). In addition, users question what kind of information a provider can view from subjects under surveillance. As a result, such technologies can infringe the privacy of the subjects they are observing. c) Accuracy of data: Increasing reliance of monitoring technologies bears a risk of inaccurate data, which can lead to negative outcomes. Given that, pervasive technologies have become essential in providing critical services; their accuracy is a subject of debate as erroneous data can lead to severe impact (Michael, McNamee & Michael, 2006). For example, accidental data processing for GPS services can lead to negative outcomes because providers can make wrong decisions that have far-reaching effects on patients. d) Ownership of user data: Owners of pervasive tech

Toys R Us Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Toys R Us Case Analysis - Essay Example So the company formed partnership with McDonalds which helped the firm to understand the business process which other companies follows for establishing its position in Japanese market. 80% of the company was owned by TRU and rest of the shares was owned by McDonalds of Japan. This partnership became very beneficial for TRU to start its business in Japan. TRU entered in Japanese market at the time of recession. The people of that country at were focusing of low priced products. For this reason the company introduced a catchy tagline for attracting customers in its stores. TRU provided discounts on its various products and maintained a good quality. The tagline of TRU in Japan focused on the low price and quality of its products. This helped the company to become popular among the Japanese people. By this even TRU was successful in establishing its position in the market of Japan. It also helped the company to create its customer base in that country. For expanding its business into Japan TRU had to set up stores in different parts of the country. The company required 3000sq ft area for establishing its retail stores. But according to the law of Japan government establishment of large retail stores were prohibited. The company TRU was able to change this law of Japan. The company opened its store of 3000sq ft in Japan in 1991. Soon the company opened its many other toy stores in different parts of this country. Therefore for establishing its business TRU changed the one of the government laws of Japan. TRU improved some of its internal factors for launching its business in Japan. The company introduced export managers in its business system for analyzing and evaluating the market of Japan. It helped the company to get a qualitative and quantitative idea about Japanese market for establishing its business. The organization teamed up with McDonalds of Japan for evaluating its new business environment. It helped the company to

Health Services Organization Essay Example for Free

Health Services Organization Essay Identify and evaluate at least three forces that have affected the development of the health care system in the U. S. The U.S. healthcare system has continually evolved due to the success of innovative fore-thought. These innovations have been both strategic and tactical, influenced by all segments of the health care industry. There are many key strategic and tactical innovations, I will elaborate on three forces I feel affect the development of the healthcare system in the U.S.; they are: Increasing cost of healthcare, affect of economics on the healthcare system, and labor force trends in the U.S. as it relate to healthcare. * The steadily increasing cost of healthcare in the U.S. 1. The Unites States is known as the land of plenty, but if you are a native of this great nation you might feel quite differently about that statement. Being poor here has to be much like being poor anywhere else in the world, poor is poor; what might be different is opportunity. The opportunity that we are going to discuss is that of the pursuit of receiving the best healthcare regardless of race, creed, national origi n, or station in life (being with or without money). The cost of health care in the U.S. neared 2.6 trillion dollars in 2010, this is a staggering amount of money; but what make it more astonishing is that this amount is ten times higher than the 1980’s sum of 256 billion dollars that was generated by health care system (population bulletin, 2008). The rate of funds generated by health care has slowed down in recent years, but still is expected to grow faster than the national income. Our country need to address this growing burden and not just let politician say it’s a major policy priority, really make it a priority for the overall good of our nation. Furthermore, the United States has been in a recession for most of the past decade, resulting in a high rate of unemployment and lower incomes for many Americans. These conditions have put even more attention on health spending due to its affordability. Since 2002, employer- sponsored health care coverage for employee and family premiums increased by 97%, making the pursuit of health care a burden on the workers and employers. Medicare covers disabled people as well as the elderly; while Medicaid provides medical coverage for low-income families. Medicare enrollment has grown tremendously over the years due to the aging baby boomers and Medicaid due to the recession. This has added considerably to government spending, straining both federal and state budgets. Health spending accounted for 17.9% of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2010 (kaiserEDU.com, Health Policy from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Explained). * Economic affect healthcare. 2. Economics and health care is very simple to explain, especially by someone who has seen first-hand families being mentally tormented, because they could not afford dental care for their children, the check-up not covered by the company’s insurance to enable your child to be eligible to play football, or not being able to afford the prescription medication. There are many reasons families go without medical care, and far too many times it’s just because the individual is living just above the poverty line; which make them ineligible for assistance. I personally feel the affect economics have on healthcare or the lack there of, can never be explained any clearer; unless you are experiencing it yourself. * Labor force trends in the U.S. 3. In the 1960’s the U.S. labor force grow at the rate of 1.7 percent annually and continue to grow into the 70’s as the baby boomer (those born between 1946-1964 generation continued to reach adulthood and enter the workforce. During this same period women began to enter the workforce as never seen before causing the labor force to grow at a rate of 2.6 percent annually. One might not see this as a health issue, but with women joining the workforce men began to feel the pressure, causing health complication. Women on the other hand who at one time lived the life of a care free house wife, but now working in corporate America; has started to feel stress now heart attacks are the number one killer of the American female species. I know there was nothing glamorous about being a slave, but slaves lived with just about no illnesses or life threatening diseases, know blacks have the highest numbers when it comes to diabetes, HIV, and high blood pressure than any other ethnic group (but we are free), freedom should make us take life more serious and take care of ourselves as well as our children. During the 1980’s and 90’s fewer people entered the workforce, therefore the labor force growth slowed down and ranged from 1.6 to 1.1 percent. Even though we had covered on set of baby boomers we were about to see another set reach adulthood and struggle for a place in the workplace (U.S. labor force trends), in-turn means no health insurance because they are no longer their parents dependent. Healthcare is becoming a great necessity due to infectious diseases, the year of the flower children seem to have spread more than just flowers. Health Insurance Companies are not seeing their usual capital gain at this point, consequently a change in the way benefits are paid across overall is about to change. At one time people thought as long as they paid their insurance premiums the benefits would be there when or if it was needed (we learned to read the fine print). * Speculate whether or not these forces will continue to affect the health care system in the U.S. over the next decade. (Include a force that was not mentioned that you believe will impact the health care system of the nation. Unfortunately we show no immediate signs that the cost of healthcare will decline in the Unites States anytime soon. With all the bickering about healthcare, there’s one fact everyone seems to agree on: American medicine cost too much, especially considering what we’re getting for the money. As expert look toward the future, they don’t see the cost dropping dramatically anytime soon. Curbing the rise in healthcare cost depend on our ability to gain control of the many forces causing them to climb, technology has helped other industries lower costs by eliminating waste and increasing efficiencies, but its done the opposite in healthcare (Lisa Zamosky, Los Angeles Times, September 12, 2012. Without any dispute I’m sure we can all agree the economy will always affect healthcare and the people who need it, which will always be everyone. We all hope the economy will make a rapid recovery, but that’s just not how things work; just as it took decades of bad decisions to get us where we are today it’s going to take time for our nation to make a meaningful recovery. Over the next 50 years, the labor force is projected to grow even more slowly (at about 0.6 percent per year) as baby boomers retire. What will this mean as far as health care is concern; well as we grow older our need for healthcare on a regular base becomes more essential than it was when we were in our prime (population bulletin). Baby boomers, reaching senior living status promotes a different type of demand on the medical system; a tremendous demand for those employed by senior living facilities, as well as those providing home health care. * Evaluate the importance of technology in the health care system. Technology is the driving force behind the universe, if you are not a believer just think about the devices you use to get through your day; hence technology. Medical technology is constantly presenting us with new devices that make our lives more fulfilling, we have laser surgery, hip replacement, artificial limb to replace worn out or damaged ones, cataract surgery that have advanced so rapidly it’s amazing, can you believe a person can have heart surgery and be walking around the next day? This is all because of technology, it’s amazing. This is something we cannot put a price on, what is being learned and the advances being made due to research technology is saving lives as well as making lives better each and every day. References: KaiserEDU.com, Health Policy, from the Henry J. Kaiser family foundation, Explained, Cost and Spending. http://www.kaiseredu.org/en/Top ics/Costs-and-Spending Population Bulletin, Vol. 63 No. 2, June 2008, U.S. Labor Forces Trends By: Marlene A. Lee and Mark Mather (Marlene A. Lee is a senior research associate and editor of the Population Bulletin at the Population Reference Bureau. She holds degrees in public policy analysis and development sociology/demography from the University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill and Cornell University. Mark Mather is associate vice president of Domestic Programs at the Population Reference Bureau, where he coordinates several projects that communicate population research to advocacy groups, educators, the media, and the public. He holds a doctorate and a master’s degree in sociology/demography from the University of Maryland. http://www.prb.org

Humor in Act 2 Scene 5 of Twelfth Night :: European Literature

In Act 2 scene 5 the mood is very lighthearted and is full of theatrical comedy, we find Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and their friend Fabian hidden away as they await Malvolio to stumble upon the letter supposedly written by Olivia. Even though they are hidden the audience can still see their reactions and hear their comments, which adds to the melodramatic aspect of the scene. The audience is anxious to see what unravels next as they know Maria purposely wrote the letter in order to fool Malvolio. Malvolio's entrance to the scene immediately creates comedy as even before he finds the letter we find him fantasizing about being "Count Malvolio", this notion creates humor as it seems that Malvolio has forgot he is merely Olivia's steward not her social equal despite his is conceited self-righteousness. The farce is enhanced by comments made by the onlookers who insult Malvolio, "Pistol him, pistol him!" Sir Andrew makes this comment, as he himself desires Olivia's hand in marriage. Malvolio lets his imagination go wild creating further humor when he imagines that his "kinsman Toby" will approach and curtsy in front of him. Malvolio finds the letter and notices that it is Olivia's handwriting. Shakespeare creates comedy with his play on words, Malvolio comments on how it is almost certainly Olivia's writing "these be her very C's, her U's, and her T's and thus makes she her great Ps" The use of the sexual innuendo referring to the female genitalia and urination is very clear when spoken aloud which is very amusing. Further comedy is created by Sir Andrews reaction, "C's, her U's, and her T's: why that?" Sir Andrew does not understand the joke, the audience finds this funny but at the same time we also feel sorry for him because he is very dim witted. After Malvolio establishes that "Olivia" writes the letter he then begins to interpret the letter to suit his situation. "`M'--Malvolio! `M'! Why, that begins my name" It is humorous because he believes the letters "M.O.A.I" is an acronym for his name. However the audience knows that it is a device cleverly thought up by Maria that has obviously succeeded in its purpose to trick Malvolio. The reading of the letter creates comedy the requests are outrageous. Malvolio is told to wear yellow cross-gartered stockings "to be opposite with kinsman, surly with servants" and to constantly smile. The thought of this is hilarious considering that Malvolio is a strict puritan and is very malice towards others.

Critique Of Pure Reason Essay

Immanuel Kant published his book the Critique of Pure reason in 1781; it could be noted that he used old fashioned and theological words in writing this particular book. According to most of the readers, his book was a difficult book because it was full of complicated terminologies however, because of the fact that the informations presented there are all beneficial, the said reading material has been one of the most sough after reading by several professors of philosophy and reasoning subjects. Kant had written the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics after two years so that his readers will fully understand his book the Critique of Pure Reason because of its preempted complication as thought by the readers. Prolegomena is much shorter and much approachable when it comes to the style of writing compared to the Critique of Pure Reason. The author’s aim in writing the Prolegomena is to be able to specify the limit as well as the scope of the Critique of Pure Reason book. About the Book Kant’s philosophical method is under transcendental idealism, this is a philosophy, which is concerned with the priori, or intuitive basis of knowledge is through experience or in other words his philosophical method is mystical or supernatural. In the critique of pure Reason, Kant made an effort to create a science of metaphysics, mathematics, and even Physics. Summary and Content This book primarily talks about the different kinds of philosophy, different meanings, and brief definitions to the principle of science that leads to a brief argumentation of the authors’ theory and perspective. The major role of pure reason is to explore the power, and to study the limits of reason, this will leads to the extensive examining of the various activities of the mind. There are many activities considered in the article, some of it are the brief explanation about the study that the mind can receive information, which is not provided by the senses, and also that the mind can usually arrange sensory experience. The foundation of knowledge is very huge it can create various ideas that can be beneficial in part of philosophical theory; to easily understand the theories and perceptions given by Kant some of his examples regarding to his subject was given greater explanation. But Kant wanted to transform nature of reality and including the relationship between mind and matter into science thus in this situation it really awakes the power of speculation. Critique and Analysis In greater thinking by exercising and exploring knowledgeable things it always created critical criticism but in the same time developing its substance regarding to the philosophy and science, this will introduced different meaning as well as understanding to the society. The process of writing of Kant primarily made this notion possible to occur. Reference: Immanuel Kant. (1999). Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge University Press.

Patriarchy Essay

Societies around the globe have a traditional set of protocol as to who is supposed to the head of family, clan, or even a bigger societal group than these ones. Among the African societies, the man is a de facto head of the family and the larger society, and the woman just serves the role of subordinating him. This is a true reflection of the early religious societies, for example the Israelites and the Muslims of the eastern societies, which recognized the fact that the work of the prophets belonged to the males and that women were no longer to appear as public leaders or role holders. In Western Europe and indeed much of the continent this was the case before the middle ages and in the renaissance period. This defined societal leadership of the early days was referred to as the patriarchy, and the family heads themselves as the patriarchs. Now, according to the Webster’s new collegiate dictionary, patriarchy is a social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wife and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line (Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, 1977). With time, given the rapid changes the society was going through, especially in Western Europe the principles and the core values of patriarchy began to be faced out. In Britain where the process was sudden, patriarchy suffered its biggest blows in the period between late 17th century to late 18th century (precisely 1689-1789). This process that brought in all these changes was described as the reconfiguration- the change in the roles of men and women. We are going to discuss the effect of this process on the society during the century stated above. The reconfiguration of patriarchy in Britain. (1689-1789). During the early times, the British society just like any other society of ancient times was composed of large families, and included members from across relations. However, desire for privacy and compatibility began growing. Couples who intended to marry desired not only the formal romantic love but also an overhaul change in the relationship once married. The changes following these developments resulted into smaller family sizes. The married couple could now spend a lot of time together, in addition to developing common interests and pastimes. Furthermore, these developments meant that personal live of this married couples changed, with houses built to develop privacy from children, house servants and guests. Rooms were set aside for specific purposes and were partitioned by hallways from one another. Couples were now spending more together and had more time for themselves, this coming as a result of limited family sizes. The bearing of few children had an advantage for women because maternity deaths reduced, also reduction of disablements at child birth that were common in the early times and above all women had an added time to pursue domestic chores. Although attempts of birth were not successfully (because birth control methods of this time- withdrawal and coitus interruptus- are not reliable) families managed to succeed in the child spacing. There was the idea of commercialization of childhood. A child born of a family in ancient Britain had to undergo a torturous procedure that was referred to as wet nursing. Therefore the child had to spend most of the time away from the mother. By mid 17th century children were receiving a lot of attention from their parents. A family expecting a child had to purchase all the toys necessary for the comfort of a child. Books full of pictures (and also helpful to the parents) to entice the child were bought. It was emerging that mothers wanted to nurse their children themselves by obviously breast feeding and also figuratively teach them in the process. This new found relationship between women and their children meant that children would now become companions to the outings involving visits to the museums and comp sites that were also emerging with a lot of speed. Another development coming in the 18th century was the emergence of bourgeois as a culture. This culture worked on the idea that home life was the fulfillment of an individual lifestyle, and included more spending on leisure pursuits and literary programs. Unfortunately, this privileges associated with this culture could not be associated with every member of the society. For example, working women could not afford the cost of instructional materials for their children or even the time to use these materials. In response to these some women employed wet nurses, an irony for this age. This group of women enjoyed little privacy in their places residence because they still had to consent living with large families in single rooms. House wives were still being beaten by their husbands and children too suffered beatings in the hands of their fathers. Consequently, by late 18th century two distinct family classes were emerging- one based on companion marriage and the other o patriarchal dominance of husbands. In the eighteenth century a rigorous transformation in family life was underway, one that bourgeoisie shared with the nobility: the celebration of domesticity. The image and indeed reality was that of the happy home life, where love was the bond between husband and wife and between parents and children, and both men and women came to dominate both the literary and visual arts. Only those who were wealthy enough to afford to dispense with women’s work could partake of the new domesticity, and only those who had been touched by enlightment ideas could attempt to make the change. Indeed where it occurred, the transformation in the nature of family life was one of the most profound alterations in the eighteenth century. Consequently; the most important step that had an impact towards transformation of family structure was in the centering of the conjugal family in the home. Conclusion:Â  We have seen that eighteenth century Britain was a society of orders that was transforming itself into a society of classes. That is to say that official ranks such as noble and commoner were giving way to ranking by wealth or poverty. The rise of science and enlightment ideas highlighted the contradictions. Enlightment ideas looked to the future, to a new world that was ruled fairly to the benefit of all human beings, male and female alike. Authority, society and the individual had the chance to improve but if the odds and the rubble of the past was forgotten.